V3I8P2

Factors Influencing Polytechnic College Students’ Intention to Use ChatGPT for Learning: An Integrated TAM–TPB–UTAUT2 Framework

Phi Cong Manh^1*

Abstract

The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has accelerated the adoption of ChatGPT in higher education. However, evidence on the factors influencing students’ intention to use ChatGPT remains limited, particularly in vocational education. This study develops and validates an integrated framework combining the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), while incorporating Trust in ChatGPT and AI Literacy. Data were collected from 380 Polytechnic College students and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicate that Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Trust in ChatGPT, AI Literacy, and Social Influence positively influence students’ attitudes toward using ChatGPT, with Perceived Usefulness showing the strongest effect. Attitude significantly predicts behavioral intention and mediates the relationships between the antecedent variables and intention. The proposed model demonstrates strong explanatory power for ChatGPT adoption. These findings extend technology acceptance research and provide practical implications for promoting the effective, ethical, and sustainable integration of AI-powered learning technologies in vocational higher education.

Keywords:

ChatGPT; Generative Artificial Intelligence; Behavioral Intention; Polytechnic Students; Technology Acceptance Model; Theory of Planned Behavior; UTAUT2; Structural Equation Modeling.