V3I6P32

Urbanization and Solid Waste Management: Emerging Challenges and Sustainable Practices in India

Dr. S. Saileja^1*, Mr. Bhaskar Rao V², Ms. Potharaju Bhavana³

Abstract

Urbanization has emerged as a key feature of the twenty-first century, contributing to economic development of the economy, industrial growth and development, technological advancement and improved standard of living of people in urban area. However, due to rapid urban growth and development resulted in a substantial increase in solid waste generation, creating a major concern with regard to environmental, social, and public health challenges. This study examines the concept, importance, impacts, challenges and management practices of solid waste management in urban areas of India. The research adopts a qualitative approach based on secondary data collected from textbooks, research articles, review papers, government reports, websites, and other published sources. The study highlights major issues such as inadequate waste segregation, insufficient infrastructure, financial constraints, increasing landfill pressure, environmental pollution, and health risks related with improper waste disposal. It also discusses recent regulatory developments, including the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2026, and the role of Bulk Waste Generators in promoting responsible waste handling. Further, the study highlights sustainable strategies such as source segregation, recycling, composting, waste-to-energy technologies, scientific landfills, public participation, and circular economy practices. The findings suggest that effective solid waste management requires coordinated efforts from government agencies, local bodies, private organizations, and citizens to ensure environmental sustainability and improve urban quality of life.

Keywords:

Circular Economy, Environmental Sustainability, Landfills, Recycling, Solid Waste Management, Source Segregation, Urbanization, Waste Management