V3I5P80

A Study on Vouching, Ledger Maintenance, and Income Tax Filing Procedures at T.N. Subramanya and Associates

Suhas Raj M^1*, Sanjana PS², Dr Kanchan G. Rajput³

Abstract

This paper examines the practices of vouching, ledger maintenance, and income tax filing in a midsize Chartered Accountant (CA) firm in India, with attention to digital transformation trends. A descriptive survey was administered to 60 staff members (CAs, auditors, assistants) at T.N. Subramanya & Associates and similar firms. Descriptive analysis of questionnaire responses reveals that vouching is performed regularly (50% monthly) and increasingly uses digital vouchers (approximately 83% use e-vouchers at least sometimes). Tally is the dominant accounting software (86.7%) and 80% of firms regularly back up their ledgers. Most respondents (>88%) verify ledger entries before finalization. For tax services, 88% agree that filings are done professionally and on time, and 82% believe filings comply with all regulations; however, about 22% of clients felt inadequately informed during the process. Staff training in accounting software is irregular: only 42% report frequent training. Notably, 73% view digital vouching as reducing errors and improving tracking. These results reflect a CA firm adapting to digital tools but facing gaps in training and client communication. The study highlights that automation and AI (for invoice scanning, ledger classification, anomaly detection) are becoming integral in CA practices. The findings align with the literature on CA digitalization (e.g. widespread AI and cloud adoption in Indian accounting) and suggest that most mid-tier firms in India similarly benefit from digital ledgers and e-filing while needing further upskilling and process standardization. Practical implications include investing in AI-based audit tools and regular training to enhance efficiency and compliance.

Keywords:

Vouching, Ledger Maintenance, Income Tax Filing, Digital Transformation in Accounting, Chartered Accountants in India.