V3I1P69

Genetic diversity and Biogeographical classification of India

Kanhiya Mahour^1*

Abstract

Genetic diversity is the variety of genes and traits within a species or population. It is the result of genetic differences among individuals. This diversity is maintained through mechanisms like sexual reproduction, mutation and gene flow. It provides a range of genetic traits that allow susceptible individuals to die off. For humans, it is also critical for agriculture, allowing for the development of new crop and livestock varieties with traits like disease resistance and tolerance to stress. India is biogeographically classified into 10 major zones: Trans-Himalayan, Himalayan, Indian Desert, Semi-Arid, Western Ghats, Deccan Plateau, Gangetic Plain, North-East, Coastal and Islands. These zones are distinct based on their climate, terrain and unique ecosystems, flora and fauna. Biogeographical classification is necessary in India for biodiversity conservation by providing a framework to identify, protect and manage unique ecosystems and species. This classification helps in understanding species distribution and adaptation to different climates, which informs targeted conservation strategies and policies, supports sustainable resource management and facilitates scientific research. It is also crucial for mitigating disasters and understanding the impacts of climate change across the country’s diverse landscapes. Considering all these facts present investigation has been done to explore the relation in between genetic diversity and biogeographical classification of India.

Keywords:

Genetic diversity, classification, geographical, biogeographical, India