V3I10P67

A REVIEW an Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC): Principles, Techniques and Applications

G. Uma Soundarya^1*, Mahboob Ahmad²

Abstract

Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) is an advanced analytical separation technique widely used in pharmaceutical analysis, chemical research, biotechnology, food testing, and environmental monitoring. It is an improved form of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) that uses smaller stationary-phase particles and high-pressure-compatible instrumentation to achieve efficient separation, high resolution, and reduced analysis time.

UHPLC separates the components of a mixture based on their different interactions with a stationary phase and a liquid mobile phase. Its major components include a solvent reservoir, high-pressure pump, sample injector, analytical column, detector, and data-processing system. Various detectors, including ultraviolet (UV), photodiode array (PDA), and mass spectrometry (MS), can be used depending on the analytical requirements.

This article reviews the fundamental principles, instrumentation, working mechanism, applications, recent developments, advantages, and disadvantages of UHPLC. It highlights the importance of UHPLC as a modern analytical technique for reliable and efficient analysis of complex samples.

Keywords:

Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC); Analytical Separation; Chromatographic Instrumentation; Pharmaceutical Analysis