V3I10P3

A REVIEW on Asthma Disease; Current Concepts, and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches 

Mrs. Donthu susmitha^1*, Pinninti Prasad²

Abstract

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disorder in which inflammation, airway narrowing, mucus production and increased airway responsiveness combine to produce variable symptoms and variable expiratory airflow limitation. People may experience wheezing, cough, chest tightness or shortness of breath, sometimes only at night, during exercise or after exposure to a trigger. Although asthma cannot currently be cured, most people can achieve good symptom control and lead active lives when the condition is correctly diagnosed and treated. Modern asthma care emphasizes anti-inflammatory treatment, correct inhaler technique, adherence, trigger management, education and an individualized written action plan. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) remain a central component of treatment. Current GINA guidance also emphasizes ICS-formoterol as the preferred reliever approach for many adults and adolescents because it provides both symptom relief and anti-inflammatory treatment. Other medicines, including long-acting bronchodilators, leukotriene receptor antagonists, long-acting muscarinic antagonists, systemic corticosteroids and biologic therapies, have important roles in selected patients. This article reviews asthma in a practical and patient-centered manner, with special attention to commonly used asthma drugs, their roles, important adverse effects and safe use.

Keywords:

Asthma, airway inflammation, inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators, ICS-formoterol, salbutamol, LABA, leukotriene receptor antagonist, biologics, inhaler technique