V2I6P29

Role of Occlusal Devices in Dentistry- A Review

Dr. B. Lakshmana Rao^1*

Abstract

In dentistry, occlusal devices are crucial for treating bruxism, occlusal interferences, temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), and safeguarding dental restorations.  They provide unique benefits catered to clinical requirements when manufactured using additive manufacturing (AM), subtractive manufacturing (SM), and conventional manufacturing.  Stabilization splints, soft splints, and protective mouthguards are examples of additively manufactured devices that use 3D printing (e.g., stereolithography) to create personalized designs layer by layer from biocompatible resins. This allows for complex geometries and quick prototyping for TMD and orthodontic applications.  For long-term TMD management and prosthodontic stabilization, subtractive manufacturing uses CAD/CAM milling to create precise stabilization splints, anterior repositioning splints, and deprogrammer devices from sturdy materials like polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and composites. These devices offer superior accuracy (10–20 μm) and longevity.  While they offer less precise (50–100 μm) solutions for temporary bruxism relief and sports protection, conventionally manufactured devices, such as vacuum-formed soft splints and hand-crafted hard splints, rely on manual techniques using ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or acrylics.  Digital workflows increase the efficiency of AM and SM, while AM excels in customization, SM in durability, and conventional methods in accessibility.  Together, these production techniques guarantee patient-specific, long-lasting, and functional occlusal devices, improving dental care and treatment results.

Keywords:

Occlusal Splints; TMD Disorders; Subtractive Manufacturing; Additive Manufacturing; Conventional Manufacturing