V2I10P75

Determination of the Varying Spatio-Temporal Conditions of Groundwater Quality, Considering Various Geological Formations in Imo State

Ikpa P. N.¹, Osuagwu  J. C.¹, Nwakwasi N. L.¹, Onosakponome R.O.¹, Uzoukwu C. S.^1*

Abstract

The determination of the Spatio-Temporal conditions of  groundwater quality was carried out with two different models,  this is to be sure of the values derived at the end work. This paper in particular, deals with the application of Aquifer model in carrying out the project.  It began with several iterative processes using the. On a monthly basis for a period of 12 months, good samples of groundwater were collected from different hydrological formations. This was done in Imo Sate. The collected samples were analyzed for several physiochemical parameters: pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, total suspended solid, total solid, dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Nitrate, Bicarbonate, Potassium, Phosphate, Iron, total alkalinity, total Chloride, Calcium hardness, total hardness, Magnesium hardness, Calcium Magnesium Sodium and Sulphate. Several formations in these  zones were studied. The average concentrations of total dissolved solids, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, total hardness and electric conductivity were higher in the dry season compared to the rainy season, while average concentrations potassium and bicarbonate were higher in wet season. The water quality index  was evaluated in accordance with World Health Organization permissible standards for safe drinking water,  ranging from the  scale of 0 to 100. The Water Quality Index for both dry season and Rainy season were derived and recorded. From the results, the Water Quality Index for the zone of BF, OAF, NF, AF, ICSF and FBSF were gotten as 35.04, 73.30, 27.54, 30.37, 86.98 and 108.95  respectively,  showing  that during dry season, groundwater samples from OAF and NF have excellent water quality, also samples from BF, NF, and AF have good quality water where as samples from ICSF have very poor water quality. The Water Quality Index obtained during the rainy season indicate that water samples from BF, NF and AF have good water quality  for drinking and agricultural applications based on national and international indices and standards while the water samples from OAF were of poor water quality. The water quality from ICSF is safe for consumption while that from FBSF remains unsuitable for drinking purpose. The outcome shows that  there is need for continuous monitoring and treatment for acidic and high nitrate water to mitigate future pollution and ensure sustainable use of the groundwater resource.  Aquifer Model was used to model the dataset and a value of 142.829234 was obtained as the RMSE which subsequently decreased to 130.309532 at the final iteration.

Keywords:

First keyword; Second keyword; Write at least four keywords Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Aquifer Model, Physiochemical parameters, Water Quality, Spatio-Temporal Variability, Hydrological Formations